I think point 5 is likely important to recognize. The CAD to USD ratio has dropped dramatically (Currently 1 USD = 1.33 CAD). If you picked the exchange from 5 years ago you see it was 1 USD = 1 CAD, if you do 10 years it was 1 USD = 1.07 CAD.
I'd argue that at least 20% of the price increase we're dealing with today is related to inflation.
Have you visited those cities? I don't find it surprising at all.
Quebec / Montreal: historical politics pushed investment to toronto when separation was on the table and pushed by certain political groups (again bumping toronto prices and not helping those areas at all!)
Winnipeg / Calgary: isolation from other large cities, colder climate, less immigration friendly.
I'd argue that at least 20% of the price increase we're dealing with today is related to inflation.