Is that something a typical phone can do though? Is it just a bluetooth config thing that a phone typically has access to modify, or is BLE Long Range a specific set of electronics/antennas that you won't find in your spare Samsung device?

I'm not a cell phone expert. Some, maybe most, recent cell phones should be able to do BLE LR with their bluetooth radio. It is a specific modulation scheme and it does require the BLE transmitter to be capable of particular power levels. It does not require a special antenna.